Single umbilical artery (ARTERIES PRESENCE OF A SINGLE CORD BABY)

PRESENCE OF A SINGLE UMBILICAL ARTERIES
(Single Umbilical Artery - SUA)

Normally the umbilical cord (umbilical cord, funis) has 3 vessels. Two of them that umbilical artery is the artery. It is one that collects the umbikal and vessels. The first stage consists in the fact that the fetus has a right and left 2 umbilical vein but right umbilical vein disappears and only left umbilical vein.

Normally, arteries in the human body (arteries) and clean the blood that carry oxygen-rich blood from food, collect blood vessels (veins) that carry blood contaminated blood containing carbon dioxide and waste materials. This is contrary umbilical cord in the fetus. Umbilical artery carries blood to the placenta to the fetus dirty, clean umbilical vein carries blood from the placenta to the fetus. There is a also a so-called single umbilical artery, umbilical artery and umbilical cord blood in case.

Single umbilical artery in 1% of all births in the singular presence is found in 5% of twins. It is not known exactly why it occurs.

Which cases are more common?
- In the presence of maternal diabetes and preeclampsia
- Olgihodramnios in the presence polhidramnios
- Chromosomal abnormalities that pregnancy
- Twin pregnancies
- More common in female babies
- More common in twin pregnancies
- Were advanced maternal age
- Multiparity

Diagnosis:
Gone in 2 instead of 3 recognizable by ultrasound cord vessels normally seen and monitoring of large arteries. Color Doppler ultrasound to be seen to be monitored by a single artery and bladder of the fetus is only one side of the artery.

What is the importance of having a single umbilical artery?
Single umbilical artery of the fetus has been reported that 20-30% accompanied by a number of other anomalies. These heart defects, abnormalities of the digestive system, kidney and brain abnormalities such as various anomalies. Single umbilical artery most watched chromosomal abnormalities associated with trisomy is 18. before or after birth due to this anomaly is observed mortality rate of 10-20%. growth retardation observed in 15-20% of fetuses during pregnancy.
Single umbilical artery and lower risk of premature birth has increased.
Almost half of single umbilical artery of the fetus which is born completely healthy and without any anomalies.

follow-up of pregnancy:
When the single umbilical artery diagnosed during pregnancy should investigate whether the absolute accompanied by other anomalies. Fetal echocardiography should be performed. If accompanied by other abnormalities can be detected by amniocentesis for fetal chromosomal abnormalities and chromosomal analysis research. Although there are other low risk of chromosomal abnormalities not detected anomalies with the family discussed the risks of amniocentesis to be decided. Fetal growth retardation should be monitored by ultrasound measurements in terms of the formation. After the birth, "kidney" to do ultrasound to investigate the anomaly is recommended.

Cystic hygroma

Cystic hygroma (cystic hygroma) in a defect in the lymphatic system, cystic due to the accumulation of fluid under the skin in the neck area due to congestion do occur.

Cystic hygroma mainly including Turner syndrome (45, X0) is Youssou possibility of coexistence with different chromosomal disorders. Chromosomal abnormalities found in about half of cases. Therefore, amniocentesis or fetal blood sampling fetus with chromosomal analysis should be performed. No other abnormalities of the possibility of cystic hygroma detected, the fetus is high.

Treatment is not a problem and possible death often occurs in the womb. Large cystic hygroma and septal studies, fetal hydrops in the accompanying fate will be worse. Sometimes cystic hygroma is seen that improved over time. After the birth of the baby that is completely it can also lead a normal life.

The risk of aneuploidy is the most commonly associated with cystic hygroma anomalies. Yaklalık are chromosomal abnormalities in 70%. Cystic hygroma Umeda most common chromosomal anomalies Turner syndrome (45, X0) d. Cystic hygroma detected in the first trimester studies trisomy 21 it is more common.

Cordocentesis (CORD BLOOD COLLECTION from)

CORD BLOOD COLLECTION from PREGNANCY BABY

Cordocentesis entering into the uterus with pregnancy with a special needle through the abdominal wall is taken from the baby's umbilical cord blood. a small amount of blood is taken up 2-3 milliliters of cordocentesis.
Taken blood karyotyping baby's genetic research that can be done to further assess whether affected or how the baby's blood incompatibility to investigate some infections. If still lead to anemia, blood disorders in infants, unborn babies Cordocentesis method can also be done with a blood transfusion.
(Also abbreviated as PUBS: Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling)

Umbilical vein (umbilical cord is collected in vessels) of large diameter, wall thickness of less composed and arterial (arteries) umbilical and fetal bradycardia initiatives is preferable to a higher rate of interest due to the initiative. If possible the entry of the first strand of the placenta is preferably made from a free bead portion is not possible. Kordosenteztez after blood incompatibility in families with blood incompatibility (anti-D) injection is made.

When are Cordocentesis?
Usually 18 to 20. and after weeks of gestation until delivery can be made every month. Not only in twin pregnancies can be administered in single pregnancies, cordocentesis.

Cordocentesis apply in which situations?
- Ultrasonography doubt the presence of abnormalities in the baby (this is the most common cause of cordocentesis)
- Determination of high risk in screening tests
- To give clear results of other diagnostic methods
- Failure of culture in amniocentesis
- Apply now for prenatal diagnostic methods the family
- The evaluation of some infectious diseases (toxoplasma, rubella)
- Not affected by the presence of blood incompatibility
- Baby in the presence of anemia
- Advanced maternal age
- Have retarded development in the womb the baby
- Oligo (for lack of baby juice)
- Before giving birth to abnormal babies
- Parental balanced translocation

According to other prenatal diagnostic methods can lead to more serious complications chordocentesis. A process according to amniocentesis is more difficult.

What are the risks Cordocentesis?
After application, the slowdown in the baby's heartbeat, premature birth, the water coming, infection, problems such as bruising can be seen in the umbilical cord. bleeding into the amniotic fluid may occur. The risk of losing the baby in Cordocentesis application is about 1-5%. Mother related infections may be risks such as bleeding. Therefore, fever in the days following the operation, chills, water coming, vaginal bleeding, pain, should consult a doctor immediately in the presence of contraction.

The needle directly harm the baby is unlikely situation in practice. That is not a situation such as needle-stick injury to the baby and it is rare to be called because it is made by observing all ultrasound-guided procedures. But the baby's heartbeat after taking blood from the cord deterioration and the risk of dying babies are about 1-5 per cent rate.

How Cordocentesis?
Operations performed ultrasound examination is performed as in the supine position. baby by ultrasound and observing cord with a needle extending inside the uterus is taken from umbilical cord blood in small amounts. It is a process which lasted approximately 10-15 minutes. After the procedure the patient can go home a few hours of rest. After a few days the patient is recommended to refrain from excessive strenuous activity. If blood incompatibility between parents needle made of blood incompatibility.
approximately one week after the procedure and informed the family becomes obvious by the results. As a result of chromosomal abnormalities incompatible with life Cordocentesis baby in the family diagnosed cases of pregnancy termination options are available.

When interest the results of Cordocentesis application? Is it safe?
conclude an average of 7-10 days after cordocentesis. Cordocentesis genetic analysis procedures give results very close to certain as the amniocentesis. mixing of blood taken from the mother cell mosaicism in situations like having babies rarely cause misdiagnosis. Approximately 99% said that give reliable results for the intended disease. all genetic diseases with Cordocentesis undetectable. May not be obtained after cordocentesis culture, then the examination can be made. Culture is reported failure rate of approximately 10-15% in different centers.

Cleft lip - palate

Cleft palate - during development in the womb, the baby's lips occurs because of defects that occur in the combination of the structure in the face. 700-1000 pregnancy 1 is seen in. It could be together as cleft lip and palate could be individually. Genetic factors Although there is no exact cause of this condition, environmental factors, non-alcohol is used during pregnancy, certain medications, infections, for reasons such as folic acid and vitamin B deficiency can lead to this condition.

a number of other body abnormalities in babies born with a cleft lip-palate may also be part of the agreement. Therefore, a thorough physical examination should be done after birth to this baby.

Cleft lip sucking babies can be fed breast without encountering a serious shortage in the normal way. But there is a problem in feeding the baby cleft palate. These babies have difficulty sucking the breast; It can clog the airways of the baby during feeding; The milk is milk flowing from the nose or throat to escape it can absorb faced with such situations.
Cleft palate in babies expressed milk from the mother's breast feed the most appropriate method is to give a soft bottle-fed babies. These children frequently upper respiratory tract infections, otitis media seen. In these cases, treatment of ear, nose and throat specialists should be ensured.

2,5-3 months cleft lip, cleft palate 6 months - 1 year of age should be between surgery while. If the union cleft lip and cleft lip and palate at 3 months, 1 year old should be operated cleft palate.

For cleft palate that will be speech disorders in children, these children must be operated before you start talking. Postoperative children may need speech therapy to get help from speech therapists in these cases.

STAY IN WHAT PART Abortion?

Among the people that abortion after pregnancy heed either to stay or called as part of the uterus are not fully cleaned condition (medically rest is called) it is the state remains in the womb of a portion of conception. After the abortion procedure rarely gestational sac, placenta, or they may remain in the uterus, usually a small part.

In case the symptoms remain part:
Normally, that termination of pregnancy is reduced gradually bleeding within a few days after the abortion process and cut a small amount of bleeding will be much less than 1 week. But that does not diminish in the next few days rest if they remain part of the abortion bleeding and sometimes even increased. Patients may notice that the pieces clots or excessive bleeding is reduced. Sometimes patients can reduce minor or a major part. Pain may take longer than normal if they remain part Although it is usually 1-2 days after the abortion and menstruation may cramp-like pain. Have pain or excessive bleeding is not required to keep track and although sometimes they are not only detected incidentally in control.

To remain a part of any post-abortion patients develop against the possibility of infection or other complications often called to check examination 1 week after abortion. If it is determined to remain part of the ultrasound and again with a slight interference (usually vacuum abortion) received the remaining part. In some cases, medication can be given. The remaining part is shorter and simpler process compared to the process of obtaining an abortion procedure, usually so patient receiving anesthesia. not necessary. hatsalık as long as women remain part noticing cleaned pieces on topics such order or get pregnant it does not create any inconvenience.

BIRTH (Congenital) DEFECTS

Approximately 3-5% of newborn babies in the various structural anomalies (anomaly = unusual structural feature) is encountered. With advancing technology is sometimes possible to detect abnormalities at an early stage, it anomalies incompatible with life rather than allow babies to more growth is possible to terminate the pregnancy.

There is no risk factor in many infants with congenital disorders. Nevertheless increases the risk of the presence of certain factors:
- Family or personal history of birth defects
- Previous children have birth defects
- The use of certain drugs during pregnancy formation
- 35 years later pregnancies

However, it is impossible to determine the overall problem is unnecessary. Because a significant number of congenital anomalies does not create any negativity, problems are corrected. Early detection of possible anomalies incompatible with life principles on ultrasound, so to be able to provide mothers and families of the less wear as much as possible in every sense.


SOME CONGENITAL ANOMALIES
Diaphragmatic Hernia: the abdomen and chest cavity of the organ in the abdominal cavity due to a defect in the diaphragm separates the chest cavity from each other, it is partly a case of herniation. Defect weight determines the size of the abdominal organs into the chest cavity. Almost all of the many congenital abnormalities is likely to be with anomalous vardir.En system, reproductive system, skeletal system and kidneys, bladder problems of post-operative patients with moderate çıkar.hafif anomalilerininh weeks all of them living without sequelae may be possible.

Adenoid cystic congenital malformation: an emerging disease by the presence of cysts in the lungs without the normal anatomy. Often the diagnosis is put after birth and can be treated surgically. If adenoid cystic ultrasound development is followed by serial sonographic malformation detected if, when fetal hydrops are the first signs emerged of birth should be performed and surgical treatment should be applied.


NERVOUS SYSTEM anomalilerimerkez nervous system of postnatal treatment of a portion of some of the anomalies that occur in the life incompatible may be possible.
Hydrocephalus is the brains of the space in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is considered among the thousand increase in frequency durumudur.görül 0.3-0.5. Hydrocephalus can occur for various reasons and the cases of other anomalies are found in the central nervous system and other systems in up to half. The enlargement of the lateral ventricles detected by ultrasonography.
Holoprosencephaly: the brain and the eyes are usually very severe developmental disorder. Incompatible with life and not being able to treat the early diagnosis of these anomalies is very important. It is recommended to terminate the pregnancy to the family.
Aqueductal Canal Stenosis (Aquaductal stenosis) of the cerebrospinal fluid caused by preventing the circulation as described above, constitutes the majority of hydrocephalus. Infection may be due to genetic reasons or tumor formation. Pregnancy can also occur in later periods. Babies born with this problem regulating the circulation of CSF Shunt surgery after birth usually benefit.
Dandy-Walker syndrome: affect the development of the cerebellum, which is an anomaly and generally poor prognosis. The section of the cerebellum called the vermis untraceable and 4 izlenir.18 significant expansion in the ventricle. weeks before the diagnosis is usually not possible. Some cases may be asymptomatic at birth, but at 75% until the age of 3 cases of severe hydrocephalus occurs. termination of pregnancy when these babies are determined Dandy Walker malformation is not possible to live a normal life is the most appropriate option.
Arnold Chiari Malformation: Cerebellum's skull in Subpart 'foramen magnum' name appears in the right place değiştirmesisonuc given space. When a heavy anomalidir.saptan should be advised to terminate the pregnancy.
Agenesi the Corpus Callosum: the corpus callosum in the brain is not possible to determine early pregnancy yapıdır.koordinasyo combining both a half and my sağlar.oluşu be forwarded to each half of the brain nerve impulses that partly occurs in the later stages.
Encephalocele: Skull bones are normally out of the neural tissue of the herniated opening must absences. Usually with some other anomalies. Determine the size of brain tissue affected by the events of the prognosis of the table.

Statistics related to congenital defects:
(Source: http://www.cdc.gov/birthdefects)
Between 2004-2006 the rates of 21 common birth defects:
Anencephaly: 4859 has seen the birth of a
Spina bifida (without anencephaly): 2858
Encephalocele: 12235
Anofltalm in / Microphthalmos: 5349
Truncus arteriosus (Common trunk): 13 876
Transposition of the great arteries: 3333
Tetralogy of Fallot: 2518
ASD: 2122
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: 4344
Cleft palate: 1574
Tomorrow lip (cleft palate or not included): 940
Esophageal atresia / Transözogageal fistula: 4608
Rectal or bowel atresia, stenosis: 2138
Upper limb deformity (Reduction deformity): 2869
Defosmite the lower extremity (Reduction deformity): 5949
Gastroschisis: 2229
Omphalocele: 5386
Diaphragmatic hernia: 3836
Trisomy 13: 7906
Trisomy 21: 691
Trisomy 18: 3762


ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
- In IVF and ICSI pregnancies obtained by assisted reproductive techniques, such as the incidence of congenital anomalies it is higher. In normal pregnancy, major congenital anomalies, while the rate of 3 per cent, assisted reproductive techniques of births occur with increases to 9 percent.
- Major konkenital anomaly: Vital that can create danger or are congenital anomalies requiring surgical procedures for correction. In all major congenital birth rate is about 3%. Minor is closer to 10 percent rate of congenital anomalies.

BIRTH (Congenital) DEFECTS

Approximately 3-5% of newborn babies in the various structural anomalies (anomaly = unusual structural feature) is encountered. With advancing technology is sometimes possible to detect abnormalities at an early stage, it anomalies incompatible with life rather than allow babies to more growth is possible to terminate the pregnancy.

There is no risk factor in many infants with congenital disorders. Nevertheless increases the risk of the presence of certain factors:

- Family or personal history of birth defects

- Previous children have birth defects

- The use of certain drugs during pregnancy formation

- 35 years later pregnancies

However, it is impossible to determine the overall problem is unnecessary. Because a significant number of congenital anomalies does not create any negativity, problems are corrected. Early detection of possible anomalies incompatible with life principles on ultrasound, so to be able to provide mothers and families of the less wear as much as possible in every sense.

SOME CONGENITAL ANOMALIES

Diaphragmatic Hernia: the abdomen and chest cavity of the organ in the abdominal cavity due to a defect in the diaphragm separates the chest cavity from each other, it is partly a case of herniation. Defect weight determines the size of the abdominal organs into the chest cavity. Almost all of the many congenital abnormalities is likely to be with anomalous vardir.En system, reproductive system, skeletal system and kidneys, bladder problems of post-operative patients with moderate çıkar.hafif anomalilerininh weeks all of them living without sequelae may be possible.

Adenoid cystic congenital malformation: an emerging disease by the presence of cysts in the lungs without the normal anatomy. Often the diagnosis is put after birth and can be treated surgically. If adenoid cystic ultrasound development is followed by serial sonographic malformation detected if, when fetal hydrops are the first signs emerged of birth should be performed and surgical treatment should be applied.

NERVOUS SYSTEM anomalilerimerkez nervous system of postnatal treatment of a portion of some of the anomalies that occur in the life incompatible may be possible.

Hydrocephalus is the brains of the space in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is considered among the thousand increase in frequency durumudur.görül 0.3-0.5. Hydrocephalus can occur for various reasons and the cases of other anomalies are found in the central nervous system and other systems in up to half. The enlargement of the lateral ventricles detected by ultrasonography.

Holoprosencephaly: the brain and the eyes are usually very severe developmental disorder. Incompatible with life and not being able to treat the early diagnosis of these anomalies is very important. It is recommended to terminate the pregnancy to the family.

Aqueductal Canal Stenosis (Aquaductal stenosis) of the cerebrospinal fluid caused by preventing the circulation as described above, constitutes the majority of hydrocephalus. Infection may be due to genetic reasons or tumor formation. Pregnancy can also occur in later periods. Babies born with this problem regulating the circulation of CSF Shunt surgery after birth usually benefit.

Dandy-Walker syndrome: affect the development of the cerebellum, which is an anomaly and generally poor prognosis. The section of the cerebellum called the vermis untraceable and 4 izlenir.18 significant expansion in the ventricle. weeks before the diagnosis is usually not possible. Some cases may be asymptomatic at birth, but at 75% until the age of 3 cases of severe hydrocephalus occurs. termination of pregnancy when these babies are determined Dandy Walker malformation is not possible to live a normal life is the most appropriate option.

Arnold Chiari Malformation: Cerebellum's skull in Subpart 'foramen magnum' name appears in the right place değiştirmesisonuc given space. When a heavy anomalidir.saptan should be advised to terminate the pregnancy.

Agenesi the Corpus Callosum: the corpus callosum in the brain is not possible to determine early pregnancy yapıdır.koordinasyo combining both a half and my sağlar.oluşu be forwarded to each half of the brain nerve impulses that partly occurs in the later stages.

Encephalocele: Skull bones are normally out of the neural tissue of the herniated opening must absences. Usually with some other anomalies. Determine the size of brain tissue affected by the events of the prognosis of the table.

Statistics related to congenital defects:

(Source: http://www.cdc.gov/birthdefects)

Between 2004-2006 the rates of 21 common birth defects:

Anencephaly: 4859 has seen the birth of a

Spina bifida (without anencephaly): 2858

Encephalocele: 12235

Anofltalm in / Microphthalmos: 5349

Truncus arteriosus (Common trunk): 13 876

Transposition of the great arteries: 3333

Tetralogy of Fallot: 2518

ASD: 2122

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: 4344

Cleft palate: 1574

Tomorrow lip (cleft palate or not included): 940

Esophageal atresia / Transözogageal fistula: 4608

Rectal or bowel atresia, stenosis: 2138

Upper limb deformity (Reduction deformity): 2869

Defosmite the lower extremity (Reduction deformity): 5949

Gastroschisis: 2229

Omphalocele: 5386

Diaphragmatic hernia: 3836

Trisomy 13: 7906

Trisomy 21: 691

Trisomy 18: 3762

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:

- In IVF and ICSI pregnancies obtained by assisted reproductive techniques, such as the incidence of congenital anomalies it is higher. In normal pregnancy, major congenital anomalies, while the rate of 3 per cent, assisted reproductive techniques of births occur with increases to 9 percent.

- Major konkenital anomaly: Vital that can create danger or are congenital anomalies requiring surgical procedures for correction. In all major congenital birth rate is about 3%. Minor is closer to 10 percent rate of congenital anomalies.